He Aratohu Whānui ki te Tukatuka Hōhonu o te Karāhe: Ngā Tukanga me ngā Whakamahinga

I. Te Whakamāramatanga Matua o te Tukatuka Hōhonu

Ko te tukatuka hohonu o te karāhe e pā ana ki te tukatuka tuarua o te karāhe papatahi mata (karāhe mānu) e tukuna tika mai ana e ngā kaihanga karāhe. Mā te raupapa o ngā whakapainga hangarau, ka whakarei ake i te mahi haumaru, ngā āhuatanga mahi, te ataahua rānei o te karāhe, ā, ka tutuki i te mutunga ngā hiahia whaiaro o ngā mara maha pēnei i te hanga, ngā taonga whare, ngā motuka, me ngā hikohiko. I muri i te tukatuka hohonu, ka taea te whakanui ake i te uara tāpiri o te karāhe mata i ngā wā maha, me te urutau ki ngā tono matua mō te haumaru, te whai hua o te pūngao, me te mohio i roto i ngā horopaki hou.

II. Ngā Tukanga Tukatuka Matua

(I) Ngā Wāhanga Tukatuka Taketake

Te tapahi: Tukatukahia te karāhe mata nui ki ngā āhua me ngā rahinga motuhake e ai ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, tae atu ki te tapahi rārangi tika, te tapahi āhua motuhake CNC, me te keri.
Te Huri/Te Whakakorikori TapaHurihia ngā taha o te karāhe kua tapahia kia tika, kia porowhita, kia piko, kia rerekē rānei ngā āhua hei whakakore i ngā taha koi, kia mau ai te haumaru me te ātaahua.
Te Horoi me te Whakamaroke: Tangohia ngā paru, ngā paru hinu, me te puehu mai i te mata o te karāhe hei whakarato i tētahi turanga ma mō ngā tukanga e whai ake nei pērā i te paninga me te whakakanapa, kia mau ai te piri o te tukatuka.

(II)Ngā Wāhanga Whakakaha me te Tukatuka Mahi

Te Whakamātao (Te Whakapakari)
- Te Whakamahana ā-Tinana: Whakamahanahia te karāhe ki tōna pūwāhi ngohengohe, kātahi ka tere te whakamatao, ka hanga he paparanga taumahatanga pēhi ki runga i te mata. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i te kaha mā te 4-5 ngā wā, ā, ka pakaru te karāhe hei kongakonga kirikiri (e kiia ana he karāhe haumaru).
- Te Whakamahana Matū: Whakarei ake i te kaha mā te hangarau whakawhiti katote, he mea e tika ana mō te karāhe angiangi, mō te tukatuka karāhe āhua motuhake rānei.
Paninga
- Paninga Iti-E: Tāpirihia ngā paparanga whakarewa, waikura rānei mā te pupuhi korehau magnetron hei whakaata i ngā hihi infrared, kia tutuki ai te penapena pūngao me te whakamarumaru wera.
- Paninga Whakahaere Rā: Whakaitihia te wera o te hihi o te rā e tomo ana ki ngā wāhi o roto, ā, whakatikatikahia te tuku māramatanga.
- Paninga Horoi-ā-Whaiaro: Whakamahia ngā mātāpono whakaahua-whakakorikori hei wawahi i ngā paru o te mata, hei whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki.
Whakakirikiri: He paparanga PVB, EVA, he paparanga rānei i waenganui i ngā rau karāhe e rua, e herea ana i raro i te pāmahana me te pēhanga teitei. Kāore te karāhe e pakaru ina pakaru, e whakarato ana i te ātete pahūtanga me te mahi tiaki.
Te Hanga Karāhe Ārai: Wehea kia rua, neke atu rānei ngā rau karāhe ki ngā āputa, ka whakakīia te kōhao ki te hau maroke, ki te hau kore mahi rānei (hei tauira, te argon) hei whakapai ake i te ārai oro me te wera.

(III) Ngā Wāhanga Tukatuka Whakapaipai me te Hanga

Tānga/Whakapaipai:Tāpirihia te tānga mata (mō ngā tauira tae, ngā waitohu rānei), te tānga mamati (mō ngā hoahoa uaua kua whakaritea), me te whakairo/whakapūngā onepū (mō ngā pānga hukapapa).
Piko/Piko Wera: Whakamahanahia te karāhe hei whakangawari, ka pēhi kia piko, kia āwhati rānei kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga hoahoa motuhake.

III. Ngā Momo Matua o te Karāhe Tukatuka-Hohonu me ngā Horopaki Whakamahinga

Momo Karāhe	Hangarau Tukatuka Matua	Ngā horopaki tono noa
Karāhe Whakamarumaru	Te Whakamahana ā-Tinana/Matū	Ngā tatau/matapihi o te whare, ngā ārai, ngā wāhi kaukau, ngā panera tāonga
Karāhe Whakakirikiri	Te hononga pāmahana teitei me te pēhanga teitei me ngā paparanga PVB/EVA	Karāhe ātete-pahūtanga o te peeke, ngā matapihi tuanui o te whare, ngā pakitara ārai teitei
Karāhe Iti-E	Paninga Whakarewa Magnetron Korehau	Ngā tatau/matapihi whare penapena hiko, ngā tatau pouaka whakamātao, ngā pakitara ārai whare papai
Karāhe Whakamarumaru	Karāhe + Ngā Wāhi Whakawehe + Hiri + Whakakī Hau Maroke	Ngā tatau/matapihi o ngā whare teitei, ngā taunga rererangi, ngā matapihi ātete-haruru o ngā whare noho
Karāhe Parai Uku	Tānga Mata + Whakamahana	Te whakapaipai o waho o te whare, ngā teihana tereina raro whenua, ngā pakitara ārai o te whare arumoni
Karāhe Ātete-Ahi	Te whakakikorua ki te kiri motuhake/Cesium-Potassium	Ngā wāhanga ahi o te whare, ngā putanga haumaru, ngā ārai o ngā rūma taputapu
Karāhe Whakatae Atamai	Te whakarārangi me te kiriata whakaitiiti PDLC e whakahaerehia ana e te hiko	Ngā ārai tari, ngā rūma hōtēra, te karāhe tūmataiti rūma hui kounga teitei

IV. Ngā Taputapu Tukatuka Hōhonu Matua

Wāhanga Tukatuka	Rārangi Taputapu Matua
Te tapahi	Tēpu tapahi aunoa CNC, mīhini tapahi āhua motuhake CNC
Te Huri Tapa	Mīhini huri taha rārangi-tika, mīhini huri taha āhua-motuhake, mīhini whakakoi
Te whakamahana	Ouma whakamahana whakapae, oumu whakamahana poutū, taputapu whakamahana matū
Paninga	Raina whakaputa paninga korehau magnetron
Whakarārangi	Autoclave, mīhini pēhi-mua korehau, taputapu whakapiri paparanga-waenga
Karāhe Whakamarumaru	Pūnaha whakakī me te hiri hau aunoa, mīhini tāutanga mokowā, taputapu whakakī hau maroke
Whakapaipai	Mīhini tā mata, pūreretā mamati, taputapu whakairo/whakapūngā onepū
Piko Wera	Ouma piko karāhe, pokepokea pēhi piko

V. Ngā Paerewa Whakahaere Kounga

(I) Ngā Paerewa Haumaru

Karāhe Whakamarumaru: E tutuki ana i te Paerewa ā-Motu o GB 15763.2
Karāhe Whakakikoruatia: E tutuki ana i te Paerewa ā-Motu o GB 15763.3
Karaehe Ātete-Ahi: E tutuki ana i ngā paerewa tiwhikete haumaru hua tiaki ahi e rite ana

(II) Ngā Paerewa Mahi

Mahi Whatu: Te tutuki i ngā paerewa mō te tuku mārama e kitea ana, te tere aukati UV, te whakaata infrared, me ētahi atu.
Te pakari: Whakamātautau ātete ki te wera-makuku, whakamātautau ātete ki te koroheketanga (hei tauira, te kimi i te tomairangi mō te karāhe kua whakamahanatia)
Te Tika o te Tukanga: Te manawanui ki ngā āhuatanga, te papatahi o te taha, te piri o te paninga, me ētahi atu, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ahumahi

VI. Ngā Āpure Tono Matua

(I) Te Mara Hanga

Ngā Hua Matua: Karāhe pakitara ārai, karāhe tatau/matapihi penapena-pūngao, karāhe tuanui, karāhe ārai-ahi, karāhe uku whakapaipai
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: Haumaru ātete-pahū, penapena pūngao me te whakamarumaru wera, whakamarumaru oro, whakapaipai ataahua

(II) Te Marae Whakapaipai Whare

Ngā Hua Matua: Karāhe tēpu kawhe whakamaroke, karāhe ārai kaukau, karāhe whakaata, karāhe whakapaipai ritenga
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: Haumaru ā-pakaru, ngāwari te horoi, hoahoa whaiaro

(III) Te Marae Aunoa

Ngā Hua Matua: Ngā parepare matapihi, ngā matapihi taha, ngā tuanui rā, te karāhe whakaata whakamuri
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: Ārai-pahū me te ārai-pakaru, he nui te whakawhiti mārama, he kaha te ātete pānga

(IV) Te Marae Hikohiko

Ngā Hua Matua: Karāhe uhi waea pūkoro, karāhe panui pouaka whakaata, karāhe pā taputapu atamai
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: He kaha teitei, he kaha te whakawhiti mārama, he ātete ki te rakuraku

(V) Marae Whakaahua-pūngao

Ngā Hua Matua: Karāhe whakakākahu pūtau rā
Ngā Whakaritenga Matua: Te kaha o te whakawhiti mārama, te ātete pai ki te huarere, te kaha o te mahi whakamarumaru

VII. Ngā Mātāpono o te Kōwhiringa Tukanga

Me whiriwhiri e ngā umanga ngā huinga hangarau tukatuka e rite ana i runga i ngā hiahia matua o ngā whakamahinga mutunga (hei tauira, te haumaru, te whai huatanga o te pūngao, te tūmataitinga, te āhua), me te piri tonu ki ngā paerewa kounga e tika ana kia tino hototahi ai te mahi a te hua ki ngā whakamahinga tono.

Wā tuku: Hakihea-17-2025