Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokukhanya, lapho ingilazi ethambile ibukwa ibanga elithile kanye ne-engeli, kuzoba namabala anombala angasatshalaliswanga ngendlela engavamile ebusweni bengilazi ethambile. Lolu hlobo lwamabala anombala yilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi “amabala okucindezeleka”. “, aluthinti umphumela wokubonakalisa wengilazi (akukho ukuphambuka kokubonakalisa), futhi aluthinti umphumela wokudlulisela wengilazi (aluthinti ukuxazululwa, futhi alukhiqizi ukuphambuka kokukhanya). Kuyisici sokubona esinazo zonke ingilazi ethambile. Akuyona inkinga yekhwalithi noma iphutha lekhwalithi yengilazi ethambile, kodwa isetshenziswa kabanzi njengengilazi yokuphepha, futhi abantu banezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokubukeka kwengilazi, ikakhulukazi njengendawo enkulu. Ukuba khona kwamabala okucindezeleka engilazini ethambile ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kodonga lwekhethini kuzothinta kabi ukubukeka kwengilazi, futhi kuthinte ngisho nomphumela wobuhle besakhiwo, ngakho-ke abantu banaka kakhulu izindawo zokucindezeleka.
Izimbangela zezindawo zokucindezeleka
Zonke izinto ezibonakalayo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ezi-isotropic kanye nezinto ezi-anisotropic. Uma ukukhanya kudlula ezintweni ezi-isotropic, ijubane lokukhanya liyafana kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ukukhanya okukhishweyo akushintshi kusuka ekukhanyeni kwesigameko. Ingilazi eboshwe kahle iyinto e-isotropic. Uma ukukhanya kudlula ezintweni ezi-anisotropic, ukukhanya kwesigameko kuhlukaniswa kube imisebe emibili enejubane elihlukile kanye namabanga ahlukene. Ukukhanya okukhishweyo kanye nokukhanya kwesigameko kuyashintsha. Ingilazi e-anisotropic engafanele, kufaka phakathi ingilazi ethambile, iyinto e-anisotropic. Njengento e-anisotropic yengilazi ethambile, isimo sezindawo zokucindezeleka singachazwa ngesimiso sokuqina kwesithombe: lapho umsebe wokukhanya oku-polarized udlula engilazini ethambile, ngoba kukhona ukucindezeleka okungapheli (ukucindezeleka okuthambile) ngaphakathi kwengilazi, lo msebe wokukhanya uzobola ube ukukhanya oku-Polarized okubili okunejubane elihlukile lokusabalala kwemisebe, okungukuthi ukukhanya okusheshayo nokukhanya okuhamba kancane, okubizwa nangokuthi i-birefringence.
Uma imishayo emibili yokukhanya eyakhiwe endaweni ethile ihlangana nomsebe wokukhanya owakhiwe kwenye indawo, kuba nomehluko wesigaba endaweni yokuhlangana kwemishayo yokukhanya ngenxa yomehluko wejubane lokusabalala kokukhanya. Kuleli qophelo, imishayo emibili yokukhanya izophazamisa. Uma isiqondiso se-amplitude sifana, ukuqina kokukhanya kuyaqiniswa, okuholela ensimini yokubukwa ekhanyayo, okungukuthi, amabala akhanyayo; lapho isiqondiso se-amplitude yokukhanya siphambene, ukuqina kokukhanya kuyancishiswa, okuholela ensimini yokubukwa emnyama, okungukuthi, amabala amnyama. Uma nje kukhona ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okungalingani ohlangothini lwendiza yengilazi efudumele, kuzovela amabala okucindezeleka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakaliswa kobuso bengilazi kwenza ukukhanya okubonakalayo kanye nokudluliselwa kube nomphumela othile wokuqhekeka. Ukukhanya okungena engilazini empeleni kukhanya okunomphumela wokuqhekeka, yingakho uzobona imivimbo noma amachashaza akhanyayo namnyama.
Isici sokushisa
Ingilazi inokushisa okungalingani endaweni ebheke phezulu ngaphambi kokucima. Ngemva kokuba ingilazi efudumele ngokungalingani isicishiwe futhi ipholisiwe, indawo enokushisa okuphezulu izokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okuncane kokucindezela, kanti indawo enokushisa okuphansi izokhiqiza ukucindezeleka okukhulu kokucindezela. Ukushisa okungalingani kuzobangela ukucindezeleka kokucindezela okungalingani ebusweni bengilazi.
Isici sokupholisa
Inqubo yokupholisa ingilazi ipholisa ngokushesha ngemva kokushisa. Inqubo yokupholisa kanye nenqubo yokushisa ibaluleke ngokulinganayo ekwakhekeni kokucindezeleka kokushisa. Ukupholisa okungalingani kwengilazi ohlangothini lwendiza ngaphambi kokucima kufana nokushisa okungalingani, okungabangela nokucindezeleka okungalingani. Ukucindezeleka kokucindezela ubuso okwakhiwa yindawo enamandla okupholisa aphezulu kukhulu, kanti ukucindezeleka kokucindezela okwakhiwa yindawo enamandla okupholisa aphansi kuncane. Ukupholisa okungalingani kuzobangela ukusatshalaliswa kokucindezeleka okungalingani ebusweni bengilazi.
I-engeli yokubuka
Isizathu sokuthi kungani singabona indawo yokucindezeleka ukuthi ukukhanya kwemvelo ebhendini lokukhanya elibonakalayo kuyaphola lapho kudlula engilazini. Lapho ukukhanya kuboniswa ebusweni bengilazi (i-transparent medium) engela ethile, ingxenye yokukhanya iyaphola futhi idlula engilazini. Ingxenye yokukhanya okuphindiwe nayo iyaphola. Lapho i-tangent ye-incident angle yokukhanya ilingana ne-refractive index yengilazi, i-reflective polarization ifinyelela esiphezulu. I-refractive index yengilazi ingu-1.5, kanti i-incident angle ephezulu ye-reflective polarization ingu-56. Okusho ukuthi, ukukhanya okuboniswa ebusweni bengilazi engela ye-incident engu-56° cishe konke kungukukhanya okuphola. Engilazini eqinisiwe, ukukhanya okubonakalayo esikubonayo kuboniswa ebusweni obubili obunokukhanya okungu-4% ngakunye. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela ebusweni besibili okukude nathi kudlula engilazini yokucindezeleka. Le ngxenye yokukhanya iseduze nathi. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela ebusweni bokuqala kuphazamisa ubuso bengilazi ukuze kukhiqize amabala anemibala. Ngakho-ke, ipuleti lokucindezeleka libonakala kakhulu uma ubheka ingilazi nge-engeli yesigameko engu-56. Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza engilazini yokuvimbela ukushisa ngoba kunezindawo ezikhanyayo kakhulu kanye nokukhanya okuhlanganisiwe. Ngengilazi eqinisiwe enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka okungalingani, izindawo zokucindezeleka esizibonayo zicacile futhi zibonakala zinzima.
ukujiya kwengilazi
Njengoba ukukhanya kusakazeka ngobukhulu obuhlukene bengilazi, lapho ubukhulu bukhula, indlela yokukhanya iba yinde, kulapho amathuba amaningi okuhlukanisa ukukhanya. Ngakho-ke, ngengilazi enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka, lapho ubukhulu bukhula, kulapho umbala wezindawo zokucindezeleka uba mkhulu khona.
Izinhlobo zengilazi
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zengilazi zinemiphumela ehlukene engilazini enezinga elifanayo lokucindezeleka. Isibonelo, ingilazi ye-borosilicate izobonakala ilula ngombala kunengilazi ye-soda lime.
Kungilazi eqinisiwe, kunzima kakhulu ukususa ngokuphelele izindawo zokucindezeleka ngenxa yokubaluleka kwesimiso sayo sokuqinisa. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhetha imishini ethuthukisiwe nokulawula okunengqondo inqubo yokukhiqiza, kungenzeka ukunciphisa izindawo zokucindezeleka futhi kufinyelelwe izinga lokungathinti umphumela wobuhle.
Ingilazi kaSaidaingumhlinzeki wokucubungula ingilazi odumile emhlabeni wonke osezingeni eliphezulu, onentengo encintisanayo kanye nesikhathi sokulethwa ngesikhathi. Isebenzisa ingilazi ngokwezifiso ezindaweni eziningi futhi igxile kuphaneli yokuthinta ingilazi, iphaneli yengilazi yokushintsha, ingilazi ye-AG/AR/AF/ITO/FTO kanye nesikrini sokuthinta sangaphakathi nangaphandle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-09-2020