Indwara zo mu mutwe zabaye zite?

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe by'urumuri, iyo ikirahure gikonjeshejwe kireberwa kure n'inguni runaka, hazabaho utudomo tw'amabara tudakwirakwira ku buso bw'ikirahure gikonjeshejwe. Ubwo bwoko bw'utudomo tw'amabara ni bwo dukunze kwita "udusongero tw'umuvuduko". ", ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'ikirahure (nta gukonjesha k'umuvuduko), cyangwa ngo bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka z'ikirahure (ntibigira ingaruka ku buryo gihinduka, cyangwa ngo bitange gukonjesha k'umuvuduko). Ni imiterere y'ikirahure cyose gikonjeshejwe gifite. Si ikibazo cy'ubwiza cyangwa inenge y'ubwiza bw'ikirahure gikonjeshejwe, ariko gikoreshwa cyane nk'ikirahure cy'umutekano, kandi abantu bafite ibisabwa byinshi ku isura y'ikirahure, cyane cyane nk'ahantu hanini. Kuba hari utudomo tw'umuvuduko mu kirahure gikonjeshejwe mu gihe cyo gushyira ku rukuta rw'amarido bizagira ingaruka mbi ku isura y'ikirahure, ndetse binagire ingaruka ku miterere y'inyubako muri rusange, bityo abantu barushaho kwita ku tudomo tw'umuvuduko.

Impamvu zitera stress

Ibikoresho byose bibonerana bishobora kugabanywamo ibikoresho bya isotropic n'ibikoresho bya anisotropic. Iyo urumuri runyuze mu bikoresho bya isotropic, umuvuduko w'urumuri uba umwe mu mpande zose, kandi urumuri rusohoka ntiruhinduka uvuye ku rumuri rw'impanuka. Ikirahure gipfunyitse neza ni ibikoresho bya isotropic. Iyo urumuri runyuze mu bikoresho bya anisotropic, urumuri rw'impanuka rugabanywamo imirasire ibiri ifite umuvuduko utandukanye n'intera zitandukanye. Urumuri rusohoka n'urumuri rw'impanuka birahinduka. Ikirahure gipfunyitse nabi, harimo n'ikirahure gishyushye, ni ibikoresho bya anisotropic. Nk'ibikoresho bya anisotropic by'ikirahure gishyushye, imiterere y'ahantu hashyushye ishobora gusobanurwa n'ihame ryo guhindagurika kw'amafoto: iyo urumuri rw'urumuri rwa polarized runyuze mu kirahure gishyushye, kubera ko hari stress ihoraho (stress ishyushye) imbere mu kirahure, uyu murasire w'urumuri uzahinduka urumuri rubiri rwa Polarized rufite umuvuduko utandukanye wo gukwirakwiza imirasire, ari rwo urumuri rwihuse n'urumuri rugenda gahoro, nabyo byitwa birefringence.

Iyo imirasire ibiri y'urumuri ikorewe ahantu runaka ihurira n'urumuri rwakozwe ahandi, hari itandukaniro ry'icyiciro aho imirasire y'urumuri ihurira bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza urumuri. Kuri iyi ngingo, imirasire ibiri y'urumuri irabangamira. Iyo icyerekezo cy'ubunini bw'urumuri ari kimwe, ubukana bw'urumuri burakomera, bigatuma habaho urwego rw'ishusho rugaragara, ni ukuvuga ahantu hagaragara; iyo icyerekezo cy'ubunini bw'urumuri gihabanye, ubukana bw'urumuri buragabanuka, bigatuma habaho urwego rw'ishusho rwijimye, ni ukuvuga ahantu hijimye. Igihe cyose hari ikwirakwizwa ry'ubukana butaringaniye mu cyerekezo cy'ikirahure gishyushye, hazagaragara ahantu hagaragara ubukana bw'ubukana.

Byongeye kandi, urumuri rw'ikirahure rutuma urumuri rugaragara kandi kohereza urumuri bikagira ingaruka runaka ku ruhu. Urumuri rwinjira mu kirahure mu by'ukuri ni urumuri rufite ingaruka ku ruhu, ari nayo mpamvu uzabona imirongo cyangwa uduce tw'urumuri n'uduce twijimye.

Igikoresho gishyushya

Ikirahure gifite ubushyuhe budahagije mu cyerekezo cy’indege mbere yo kuzimya. Nyuma y’uko ikirahure gishyushye budahagije kimaze kuzimya no gukonjeshwa, agace gafite ubushyuhe bwinshi kazatanga umuvuduko muke wo gukanda, naho agace gafite ubushyuhe buke kazatanga umuvuduko mwinshi wo gukanda. Ubushyuhe budahagije buzatuma habaho umuvuduko muke wo gukanda ku buso bw’ikirahure.

Ikintu gikonjesha

Uburyo bwo gukonjesha ikirahure ni ugukonjesha vuba nyuma yo gushyushya. Uburyo bwo gukonjesha n'uburyo bwo gushyushya ni ingenzi cyane mu gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukonjesha. Gukonjesha ku kimenyetso cy'ikirahure mu cyerekezo cy'indege mbere yo kuzimya ni kimwe no gushyushya ku buryo butaringaniye, bishobora no gutera ubukana butaringaniye. Ubukana bwo gukonjesha bukorwa n'agace gakonjesha cyane ni bwinshi, naho ubukana bwo gukonjesha bukorwa n'agace gakonjesha gake ni buto. Ubukana butaringaniye butera ubukana butaringaniye ku buso bw'ikirahure.

Inguni yo kureba

Impamvu dushobora kubona aho urumuri rugaragara ni uko urumuri rusanzwe mu rumuri rugaragara ruhinduka polari iyo runyuze mu kirahuri. Iyo urumuri rugaragara ruturutse ku buso bw'ikirahuri (transparent medium) ku nguni runaka, igice cy'urumuri kirahinduka polari kandi kikanyura mu kirahuri. Igice cy'urumuri rusubitswe nacyo kirahinduka polari. Iyo inguni y'urumuri ingana n'igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri cy'ikirahuri, polari igaragara igera ku rugero ntarengwa. Igipimo cyo kugarura urumuri cy'ikirahuri ni 1.5, naho inguni ntarengwa yo kugarura urumuri ni 56. Ni ukuvuga ko urumuri rugaragara ruturutse ku buso bw'ikirahuri ku nguni y'ingaruka ya 56° hafi ya zose ni urumuri rusubitswe. Ku kirahuri gishyushye, urumuri rusubitswe tubona rugaragara ruturutse ku buso bubiri bufite 4% buri bumwe. Urumuri rusubitswe ruturutse ku buso bwa kabiri buri kure yacu runyura mu kirahuri gishyushye. Iki gice cy'urumuri kiri hafi yacu. Urumuri rusubitswe ruturutse ku buso bwa mbere rubangamira ubuso bw'ikirahuri kugira ngo rutange uduce tw'amabara. Bityo rero, icyuma gikingira stress kigaragara cyane iyo urebye ikirahuri ku nguni ya 56. Iri hame rikoreshwa no ku kirahuri gikingira stress kuko hari ubuso bugaragaza cyane n'urumuri rwinshi. Ku kirahuri gikingira stress gifite urugero rumwe rw'stress idahuje, ahantu hatuma stress tubona haba hasobanutse neza kandi hagaragara nk'aho ari hanini.

ubunini bw'ikirahure

Kubera ko urumuri rukwirakwira mu bugari butandukanye bw'ikirahure, uko ubugari burushaho kuba bwinshi, inzira y'urumuri ikaba ndende, niko amahirwe menshi yo gutandukanya urumuri aba menshi. Kubwibyo, ku kirahure gifite urwego rumwe rw'umuvuduko, uko ubugari burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko ibara ry'aho utwo duce duto duhinduka rirushaho kuba rinini.

Ubwoko bw'ibirahuri

Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibirahure bugira ingaruka zitandukanye ku kirahure gifite urwego rumwe rw'umuvuduko. Urugero, ikirahure cya borosilicate kizagaragara nk'icyoroheje mu ibara kurusha ikirahure cya soda lime.

Ku birahure bikonjesha, biragoye cyane gukuraho burundu ahantu hatera stress bitewe n’umwihariko w’ihame ryabyo ryo gushimangira. Ariko, uhisemo ibikoresho bigezweho no kugenzura neza inzira yo gukora, birashoboka kugabanya ahantu hatera stress no kugera ku rwego rwo kutagira ingaruka ku miterere y’ubwiza.

Saida Glassni ikigo kizwi ku isi gitanga serivisi zo gutunganya ibirahure mu buryo bwimbitse, gifite ireme ryo hejuru, igiciro cyiza kandi gitanga igihe cyo kubigeza ku gihe. Gifite uburyo bwo guhindura ibirahure mu nzego zitandukanye kandi cyihariye mu gukora ikirahure cyo gukoraho, gusimbuza ibirahure, ikirahure cya AG/AR/AF/ITO/FTO ndetse no gukoraho ecran imbere no hanze.